ferdinand ii, holy roman emperorferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

, , 1617 . [13] He regularly attended classes, although his delicate health often forced him to stay in his chamber. Ferdinand II, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania, Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wrttemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines, etc. [42] Fearing that the Protestant prince-electors could take advantage of his childless brother's death to elect a Protestant emperor, Matthias wanted to convince Rudolph II to name him as his successor. , . Although the country was Catholic, France feared both the Germans and the Spanish, so Cardinal Richelieu convinced King Louis XIII of France to ally himself with the Dutch and the Swedes. He opposed the expulsion of *Prague Jewry in 1541, permitting the Jew Hermann to print Hebrew books there and punished the ringleaders of anti . The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. , (16081657). Holy Roman Emperor from 1619 to 1637. empereur germanique Ferdinand II; imperatore del Sacro romano impero Ferdinand II igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen and burghers, 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (15281587)", Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1149929177, Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, Articles with Encyclopdia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 12/21 June 1601), Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 26 December 1619), This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 09:27. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. [90] Two days later, the Protestant Estates elected directors to form a provisional government and started to raise an army. [citation needed], Ferdinand died in 1637, leaving to his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, an empire still engulfed in a war and whose fortunes seemed to be increasingly chaotic. [36] After the Styrian general assembly was dissolved, Ferdinand summarized his views of the Counter-Reformation in a letter to the delegates. [115] The news about [144] Ferdinand had convoked the Diet of Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates that he would respect their privileges. [104] Instead of obeying his orders, the rebels concluded an alliance with the Estates of Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Upper Austria. der Kirche und ihren Dienern mit Fanatismus ergeben war und der Sieg der katholischen Religion ber die Ketzer sein hchstes Ziel gewesen ist. [135] The new tribunals sentenced most leaders of the rebellion to death, and 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage on 21 June. [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. . [28] He had already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey. A year later, Ferdinand tried to recapture the fortress, but the action ended in November 1601 with a defeat, due to unprofessional command of his troops. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styriadied Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27) and king of Hungary (1618-25). The different interpretation of the Letter of Majesty, which summarized the Bohemian Protestants' liberties, gave rise to an uprising, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague on 23 May 1618. In July that same year (1590), when Ferdinand was 12 years old, his father died, and he inherited Inner AustriaStyria, Carinthia, Carniola and smaller provinces. [17] Ferdinand chose the Jesuit Bartholomew Viller as his confessor. , (16141662). Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. [5][6], Ferdinand's education was managed primarily by his mother. [30] He ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola on 13 September, emphasizing that he was the "general overseer of all ecclesiastical foundations in his hereditary lands". [90][91] Ferdinand promised to respect the Letter of Majestya royal diploma that guaranteed religious freedom in the Lands of the Bohemian Crownonly after consulting with the local Jesuits. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. [141] Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to intervene, and he dissolved the consortium in early 1623. Geni requires JavaScript! [84] Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the Jesuits' puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias's successor. [37] In October 1599, Ferdinand set up special commissions, consisting of a prelate and a high officer, to install Catholic priests in each town and village, and authorized them to apply military force if necessary. [citation needed] Given the great number of Protestants among the ordinary population in the kingdom, and some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. Husband of Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria and Princess Eleonor Gonzaga of Mantua Mai 1603), Erzherzog von sterreich * Johann Karl (* 1. Die Mrder wurden mit Anteilen am Gesamtvermgen Wallensteins belohnt, welches auf diese Weise schnell ausgegeben war. Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 - 2 April 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Born in Vienna, Maximilian was a son of his predecessor, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1547).Anne was a daughter of King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. [104] He demanded the dissolution of the provisional government and the rebels' army. [21] Early the following year, the representatives of the other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him. [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. [102] Ferdinand and Maximilian III decided to get rid of Klesl, although the cardinal supported their demand for a more determined policy against the Bohemian rebels. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. [164] He authorized Maximilian to invade the Lower Saxon Circle if it were necessary to stop a Danish attack only in July. [27] Ferdinand continued his journey, visiting the Holy House in Loreto. 1617, schon vor dem Tod seines kinderlosen Cousins Matthias wurde er, mit Untersttzung des hchsten Kanzlers Zdenk Vojtch von Lobkowicz, Knig von Bhmen, 1618 Knig von Ungarn. Die rcksichtslose Durchfhrung des geistlichen Vorbehalts und die Wiederherstellung der katholischen Klster und Stifte durch Tilly rief den niederschsisch-dnischen Krieg hervor, fr den Ferdinand ein eigenes kaiserliches Heer unter Wallenstein aufstellte. Verlag Carl Ueberreuther, Wien 2004., ISBN 3-8000-3532-4. [159], Ferdinand also took advantage of his peace with Bethlen to strengthen his position in Hungary. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. In early 1634, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand's instigation. (* 9. . [167] Bethlen promised to launch a new military campaign against Royal Hungary and Richelieu agreed to send a subsidy to him. [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. Ferdinand II was buried in his Mausoleum in Graz. In the prime of his life Ferdinand was described as a blue-eyed, somewhat corpulent, middle-sized man who wore Spanish court dress. 1622 , (1598-1665) . Medici. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. [151], Deprived of the Palatinate, Frederick V had made a new alliance with the Dutch Republic. At the electoral convention of Regensburg in 1636, he secured the election of his son, Ferdinand III, as king of the Romans, which prepared the way for his succession as Holy Roman emperor. zum Knig erreichen und starb am 15. [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. [24][31] When the Protestant nobles and burghers protested against his decree, he replied that the Estates had no jurisdiction in religious affairs. [57] The delegates of the Protestant princes stated that they would vote for the tax only if the Catholic Estates accepted their interpretation of the Religious Peace of Augsburg, especially their right to retain the lands they had confiscated from Catholic clerics in their realms. Ferdinand II died in Vienna on 15 February 1637 after returning from Regensburg. [135] The estates of more than 450 nobles and burghers were fully or partially confiscated. The war left the Holy Roman Empire devastated and its population did not recover until 1710. As earlier agreed, Ferdinand succeeded him on the throne. [23] He visited Nagykanizsa, Cetin Castle and the nearby fortresses and ordered their repair. Son of Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich and Maria, Prinzessin von Bayern [166] The English, Dutch and Danish envoys concluded an alliance against the Catholic League in The Hague on 9 December 1625. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt, because they wanted to isolate him . [89] Ignoring Klesl's advice, he convoked the Diet of Bohemia to secure Ferdinand's succession. Ferdinand II. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Reign 5 January . Corrections? [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. He did not wish to uphold the religious liberties granted by the Letter of Majesty signed by the previous emperor, Rudolph II, which had guaranteed freedom of religion to the nobles and cities. Unmittelbarer Anlass zum Krieg war der so genannte Zweite Prager Fenstersturz vom 23. In the spring of 1632, Wallenstein raised a fresh army in a matter of weeks and drove the Protestant army out of Bohemia. [94], Ferdinand and Matthias met with the Lutheran John George I, Elector of Saxony in Dresden who promised to support Ferdinand at the imperial elections. He was also the Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) from 15901637, King of Bohemia from 1617-1619 and again from 1620-1637, as well as King of Hungary from 1618-1625. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. Dezember 1619 in Graz), Erzherzog von sterreich * Ferdinand (IV.) [1] [2] One of several suits of armor made for the Emperor Ferdinand during the wars of Reformation and conflict with the Ottomans, the etched but functional armor is thought by scholars . Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. [71] Ferdinand and other imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Emperor on 1 May 1610. The present state of the affaires betwixt the Emperor and King of Bohemia, and their confederates as it hath beene very truely related, by certaine letters sent by persons of extraordinary qualitie, &c. Together vvith the occurrents lately happened in the armies of . Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years' War. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [44] Taking advantage of his relatives' anxiety, Matthias persuaded Ferdinand, Maximilian and Ferdinand's brother, Maximilian Ernest, to start new negotiations concerning Rudolph's succession. Nach Matthias' Tod am 20. [157], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624. Februar 1637 in Wien) aus dem Haus Habsburg war ab 1617 mit einer Unterbrechung 1619/20 Knig von Bhmen sowie ab 1618 Knig von Ungarn, Knig von Kroatien und ab 1619 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. [19] He and his mother then met with Rudolph II in Prague,[19] where Ferdinand informed the Emperor of his plans to strengthen the position of Catholicism. [81], Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Senj to put an end to their piratical raids in 1614. Spain also supported Ferdinand against the Republic of Venice during the Uskok War in 161718. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. He was his parents' second child and first son. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. Yet by maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. [72] They reached a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor. Birth of Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Er Empereur d'Allemagne (1619-1637), Made Archduke of the Duchy, and crowned Emperor of Austria, 1576, on the death of his grandfather, Balthaer., Holy Roman Emperor. [76] Since Matthias and his two surviving brothers, Maximilian III and Albert VII were childless, his succession in Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire was uncertain. August 1619 dem reformierten Kurfrsten der Pfalz Friedrich V. verliehen. Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quash the rebels. [90][99] The Second Defenestration of Prague was the start of a new uprising. The duration of his reign was occupied by confessional and military concerns. etc. [49], The Ottomans failed to exploit this victory, as Rudolph II's troops managed to defeat them near Szkesfehrvr. Ferdinand seurasi serkkuaan Matiasta keisariksi vuonna 1619. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. [73][74] The Bohemian Estates dethroned Rudolph and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611. [83] The Venetians abandoned the siege of Gradisca on 22 September, but peace was restored only in early 1618, after Ferdinand agreed to resettle the Uskoks from the coastline and ordered the destruction of their ships. 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